Table of Contents
Overview
In VRF-aware DMVPN with FVRF, a new site is to be added. Here is an example of a router configuration for a new site. A series of configurations related to VRF-aware DMVPNs all together.
Related article
Please also see the following article regarding the concept of configuring
Network Diagram
Consider the following network diagram. The underlay network in this network diagram is not the Internet, but is assumed to be the Internet. R31 is the router of the newly added base.
Configuration conditions
Build DMVPN overlay network among R11/R21/R31. R11 as NHS (Next Hop Server) and R21/R31 as NHC (Next Hop Client). Then, separate the overlay network from the underlay network with VRF; as VRF, configure the following
Router | VRF name | RD | Interface |
---|---|---|---|
R11 | FVRF | 65001:100 | Lo0 Eth0/0 |
IVRF | 65001:200 | Tunnel0 Eth0/1 | |
R21 | FVRF | 65001:100 | Lo0 Eth0/0 |
IVRF | 65001:200 | Tunnel0 Eth0/1 | |
R31 | FVRF | 65001:100 | Lo0 Eth0/0 |
IVRF | 65001:200 | Tunnel0 Lo31 |
In addition, the address ranges of IVRF in the overlay network and FVRF in the underlay network do not overlap. IVRF is addressing with Class B private addresses such as 172.16.x.x and 172.17.x.x and 172.18.x.x. And FVRF is addressing with class A private addresses of 10.x.x.x.
As routing protocols, IVRF uses EIGRP and FVRF uses OSPF.
Address Range | Routing Protocol | |
---|---|---|
Overlay Network(IVRF) | 172.16.0.0/16 172.17.0.0/16 172.18.0.0/16 172.19.31.0/24 | EIGRP |
Underlay Network(FVRF) | 10.0.0.0/8 | OSPF |
Overlay network data is encrypted with IPSec and transferred over the underlay network. The various IPSec parameters are as follows
Encryption algorithm | 3DES |
Hash Algorithm | MD5 |
Peer Authentication | PSK |
DH group | 2 |
Security protocol | ESP |
Encryption algorithm | 3DES |
Hash Algorithm | MD5 |
Initial Configuration
Starting with all configurations completed except for the newly added R31, only the hostname is configured for R31. The DMVPN-related settings for each router are as follows
R11 Configuration Excerpts (Click)
hostname R11 ! ip vrf FVRF rd 65001:100 ! ip vrf IVRF rd 65001:200 ! crypto keyring KEY vrf FVRF pre-shared-key address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 key cisco ! crypto isakmp policy 10 encr 3des hash md5 authentication pre-share group 2 ! crypto ipsec transform-set TS esp-3des esp-md5-hmac mode transport ! crypto ipsec profile IPSEC set transform-set TS ! interface Loopback0 ip vrf forwarding FVRF ip address 10.0.0.11 255.255.255.255 ! interface Tunnel0 ip vrf forwarding IVRF ip address 172.16.0.11 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects ip nhrp map multicast dynamic ip nhrp network-id 1000 tunnel source Loopback0 tunnel mode gre multipoint tunnel vrf FVRF ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip vrf forwarding FVRF ip address 10.0.11.11 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ip vrf forwarding IVRF ip address 172.17.0.11 255.255.255.0 ! router eigrp 1 ! address-family ipv4 vrf IVRF autonomous-system 1 network 172.16.0.0 network 172.17.0.0 exit-address-family eigrp router-id 11.11.11.11 ! router ospf 1 vrf FVRF router-id 11.11.11.11 network 10.0.0.11 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 10.0.11.11 0.0.0.0 area 0
R21 Configuration Excerpts (Click)
hostname R21 ! ip vrf FVRF rd 65100:100 ! ip vrf IVRF rd 65100:200 ! crypto keyring KEY vrf FVRF pre-shared-key address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 key cisco ! crypto isakmp policy 10 encr 3des hash md5 authentication pre-share group 2 ! crypto ipsec transform-set TS esp-3des esp-md5-hmac mode transport ! crypto ipsec profile IPSEC set transform-set TS ! interface Loopback0 ip vrf forwarding FVRF ip address 10.0.0.21 255.255.255.255 ! interface Tunnel0 ip vrf forwarding IVRF ip address 172.16.0.21 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects ip nhrp map 172.16.0.11 10.0.0.11 ip nhrp map multicast 10.0.0.11 ip nhrp network-id 1000 ip nhrp nhs 172.16.0.11 tunnel source Loopback0 tunnel mode gre multipoint tunnel vrf FVRF ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip vrf forwarding FVRF ip address 10.0.21.21 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ip vrf forwarding IVRF ip address 172.18.0.21 255.255.255.0 ! router eigrp 1 ! address-family ipv4 vrf IVRF autonomous-system 1 network 172.16.0.0 network 172.18.0.0 exit-address-family eigrp router-id 21.21.21.21 ! router ospf 1 vrf FVRF router-id 21.21.21.21 network 10.0.0.21 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 10.0.21.21 0.0.0.0 area 0
R12 Configuration Excerpts (Click)
hostname R12 ! interface Loopback0 ip address 172.17.12.12 255.255.255.0 ip ospf network point-to-point ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 172.17.0.12 255.255.255.0 ! router eigrp 1 network 172.17.0.0 eigrp router-id 12.12.12.12
R22 Configuration Excerpts (Click)
hostname R22 ! interface Loopback0 ip address 172.18.22.22 255.255.255.0 ip ospf network point-to-point ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 172.18.0.22 255.255.255.0 ! router eigrp 1 network 172.18.0.0 eigrp router-id 22.22.22.22
UL1 Configuration Excerpts (Click)
hostname UL1 ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 10.0.11.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ip address 10.0.31.1 255.255.255.0 ! router ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
UL2 Configuration Excerpts (Click)
hostname UL2 ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 10.0.21.2 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0 ! router ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Related article
Initial configuration is the completion stage of the following article.
Configuration and Verification
Step1: R31 Underlay Network (FVRF) Configuration
Configure an underlay network for actual data transfer on R31. Create an FVRF for the underlay network and assign appropriate interfaces to the FVRF. Then, use OSPF for routing.
R31 Underlay Network (FVRF) Configuration
ip vrf FVRF rd 65001:100 ! interface Loopback0 ip vrf forwarding FVRF ip address 10.0.0.31 255.255.255.255 ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip vrf forwarding FVRF ip address 10.0.31.31 255.255.255.0 ! router ospf 1 vrf FVRF router-id 31.31.31.31 network 10.0.0.31 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 10.0.31.31 0.0.0.0 area 0
Step2: R31 Underlay Network (FVRF) Verification
Verify that the underlay network configuration on R31 is working properly. Use the following show command.
- show ip vrf detail
- show ip route vrf FVRF
R31 Underlay Network (FVRF) Verification
R31#show ip vrf detail VRF FVRF (VRF Id = 1); default RD 65001:100; default VPNIDOld CLI format, supports IPv4 only Flags: 0xC Interfaces: Lo0 Et0/0 Address family ipv4 unicast (Table ID = 0x1): Flags: 0x0 No Export VPN route-target communities No Import VPN route-target communities No import route-map No global export route-map No export route-map VRF label distribution protocol: not configured VRF label allocation mode: per-prefix R31#show ip route vrf FVRF Routing Table: FVRF -- omitted -- Gateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 2 masks O 10.0.0.0/24 [110/20] via 10.0.31.1, 00:00:50, Ethernet0/0 O 10.0.0.11/32 [110/21] via 10.0.31.1, 00:00:50, Ethernet0/0 O 10.0.0.21/32 [110/31] via 10.0.31.1, 00:00:40, Ethernet0/0 C 10.0.0.31/32 is directly connected, Loopback0 O 10.0.11.0/24 [110/20] via 10.0.31.1, 00:00:50, Ethernet0/0 O 10.0.21.0/24 [110/30] via 10.0.31.1, 00:00:40, Ethernet0/0 C 10.0.31.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 L 10.0.31.31/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
Now R31 can communicate with R11/R21 through the underlay network.
R31 Underlay Network Communication
R31#ping vrf FVRF 10.0.0.11 source 10.0.0.31 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.0.11, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 10.0.0.31 !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms R31#ping vrf FVRF 10.0.0.21 source 10.0.0.31 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.0.21, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 10.0.0.31 !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
Step3: R31 Overlay Network (IVRF) Configuration Part1
Create IVRF for overlay network on R31. Also, create Tunnel0. For the moment, only IP address 172.16.0.31/24 for the overlay network is configured for Tunnel0, and NHRP will be discussed later.
Then, assign Tunnel0 and Lo31 as interfaces for IVRF. The data of Tunnel0 is actually forwarded through FVRF. Associate Tunnel0 with FVRF with the tunnel vrf command.
R31 Overlay Network (IVRF) Configuration Part1
ip vrf IVRF rd 65001:200 ! interface Loopback31 ip vrf forwarding IVRF ip address 172.19.31.31 255.255.255.0 ! interface Tunnel0 ip vrf forwarding IVRF ip address 172.16.0.31 255.255.255.0 tunnel source Loopback0 tunnel vrf FVRF
Step4: R31 Overlay Network (IVRF) Configuration Part2
Make Tunnel0 of R31 an mGRE. R31 is the NHC (Next Hop Client); configure R11 (IVRF) as the NHS. In addition, encapsulate the multicast packets with the underlay address (FVRF) of R11 (IVRF) so that they can be forwarded to R11 (IVRF).
R31 Overlay Network (IVRF) Configuration Part2
interface Tunnel0 ip nhrp map multicast 10.0.0.11 ip nhrp map 172.16.0.11 10.0.0.11 ip nhrp network-id 1000 ip nhrp nhs 172.16.0.11 tunnel mode gre multipoint
これでmGREのNHRPの設定は完了です。
Step5: R31 Overlay Network (IVRF) Configuration Part3
Now all the data on R31’s Tunnel0 is encrypted with IPSec. When communicating in IKE Phase 1, it is based on FVRF; specify the FVRF when configuring the pre-shared key in crypto keyring.
R31 Overlay Network (IVRF) Configuration Part3
crypto keyring KEY vrf FVRF pre-shared-key address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 key cisco ! crypto isakmp policy 10 encr 3des hash md5 authentication pre-share group 2 ! crypto ipsec transform-set TS esp-3des esp-md5-hmac mode transport ! crypto ipsec profile IPSEC set transform-set TS ! interface Tunnel0 tunnel protection ipsec profile IPSEC
This completes the configuration of the overlay network (IVRF) for R31.
Step6: R31 Overlay Network (IVRF) Verification
Verify that the mGRE configuration for Tunnel 0 is working properly on R31. Use the following show command.
- show ip vrf detail IVRF
- show interface tunnel0
- show ip nhrp
- show dmvpn
R31 Overlay Network (IVRF) Verification
R31#show ip vrf detail IVRF VRF IVRF (VRF Id = 2); default RD 65001:200; default VPNIDOld CLI format, supports IPv4 only Flags: 0xC Interfaces: Lo31 Tu0 Address family ipv4 unicast (Table ID = 0x2): Flags: 0x0 No Export VPN route-target communities No Import VPN route-target communities No import route-map No global export route-map No export route-map VRF label distribution protocol: not configured VRF label allocation mode: per-prefix R31#show interfaces tunnel 0 Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Tunnel Internet address is 172.16.0.31/24 MTU 17916 bytes, BW 100 Kbit/sec, DLY 50000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set Keepalive not set Tunnel linestate evaluation up Tunnel source 10.0.0.31 (Loopback0) Tunnel Subblocks: src-track: Tunnel0 source tracking subblock associated with Loopback0 Set of tunnels with source Loopback0, 1 member (includes iterators), on interface Tunnel protocol/transport multi-GRE/IP Key disabled, sequencing disabled Checksumming of packets disabled Tunnel TTL 255, Fast tunneling enabled Tunnel transport MTU 1476 bytes Tunnel transmit bandwidth 8000 (kbps) Tunnel receive bandwidth 8000 (kbps) Tunnel protection via IPSec (profile "IPSEC") -- omitted -- R31#show ip nhrp 172.16.0.11/32 (IVRF) via 172.16.0.11 Tunnel0 created 00:50:23, never expire Type: static, Flags: used NBMA address: 10.0.0.11 R31#show dmvpn Legend: Attrb --> S - Static, D - Dynamic, I - Incomplete N - NATed, L - Local, X - No Socket T1 - Route Installed, T2 - Nexthop-override C - CTS Capable # Ent --> Number of NHRP entries with same NBMA peer NHS Status: E --> Expecting Replies, R --> Responding, W --> Waiting UpDn Time --> Up or Down Time for a Tunnel ========================================================================== Interface: Tunnel0, IPv4 NHRP Details Type:Spoke, NHRP Peers:1, # Ent Peer NBMA Addr Peer Tunnel Add State UpDn Tm Attrb ----- --------------- --------------- ----- -------- ----- 1 10.0.0.11 172.16.0.11 UP 00:49:21 S
Also verify that communication with R11/R21 in the overlay network is possible.
R31 Overlay network (IVRF) communication verification
R31#ping vrf IVRF 172.16.0.11 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.0.11, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 5/5/5 ms R31#ping vrf IVRF 172.16.0.21 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.0.21, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 6/9/18 ms R31#show ip nhrp 172.16.0.11/32 (IVRF) via 172.16.0.11 Tunnel0 created 00:52:17, never expire Type: static, Flags: used NBMA address: 10.0.0.11 172.16.0.21/32 (IVRF) via 172.16.0.21 Tunnel0 created 00:00:04, expire 01:59:55 Type: dynamic, Flags: router used nhop NBMA address: 10.0.0.21 172.16.0.31/32 (IVRF) via 172.16.0.31 Tunnel0 created 00:00:04, expire 01:59:55 Type: dynamic, Flags: router unique local NBMA address: 10.0.0.31 (no-socket) R31#show dmvpn Legend: Attrb --> S - Static, D - Dynamic, I - Incomplete N - NATed, L - Local, X - No Socket T1 - Route Installed, T2 - Nexthop-override C - CTS Capable # Ent --> Number of NHRP entries with same NBMA peer NHS Status: E --> Expecting Replies, R --> Responding, W --> Waiting UpDn Time --> Up or Down Time for a Tunnel ========================================================================== Interface: Tunnel0, IPv4 NHRP Details Type:Spoke, NHRP Peers:2, # Ent Peer NBMA Addr Peer Tunnel Add State UpDn Tm Attrb ----- --------------- --------------- ----- -------- ----- 1 10.0.0.11 172.16.0.11 UP 00:51:16 S 1 10.0.0.21 172.16.0.21 UP 00:00:07 D
When sending data from R31 to R21, the underlay address of R21 is resolved in NHRP. Then, a DMVPN peer is dynamically established.
However, at this point, communication to 172.17.0.0/16 and 172.18.0.0/16 under R11/R21 via the overlay network is not possible. EIGRP must be configured on the overlay network.
Step7: R31 Overlay Network(IVRF) EIGRP Configuration
EIGRP routing in the overlay network (IVRF) of R31.
R31 Overlay Network(IVRF) EIGRP Configuration
router eigrp 1 ! address-family ipv4 vrf IVRF autonomous-system 1 network 172.16.0.0 network 172.19.0.0 exit-address-family eigrp router-id 31.31.31.31
Step8: R31 Overlay Network(IVRF) EIGRP Verification
Verify R31’s EIGRP configuration for the overlay network. Use the following show command.
- show ip eigrp vrf IVRF neighbor
- show ip route vrf IVRF
R31 Overlay Network(IVRF) EIGRP Verification
R31#show ip eigrp vrf IVRF neighbors EIGRP-IPv4 Neighbors for AS(1) VRF(IVRF) H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num 0 172.16.0.11 Tu0 13 00:02:06 58 1470 0 25 R31#show ip route vrf IVRF Routing Table: IVRF -- omitted -- Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 172.16.0.0/24 is directly connected, Tunnel0 L 172.16.0.31/32 is directly connected, Tunnel0 172.17.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets D 172.17.0.0 [90/26905600] via 172.16.0.11, 00:02:10, Tunnel0 D 172.17.12.0 [90/27033600] via 172.16.0.11, 00:02:10, Tunnel0 172.19.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 172.19.31.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback31 L 172.19.31.31/32 is directly connected, Loopback31
R31 is EIGRP neighbor with R11 only; it is not EIGRP neighbor with R21.
The mGRE tunnel is a non-broadcast multi-access network. The destination of multicast packets must be explicitly determined. To do so, the underlay address to encapsulate is configured with the ip nhrp map multicast command. R31 is only configured to forward multicast packets to R11; EIGRP Hello packets reach only R11. Therefore, R31 is EIGRP neighbor only with R11; the same is true for R21. In other words, from EIGRP’s point of view, the overlay network for mGRE tunnels is a hub-and-spoke topology centered on R11.
It is hub-and-spoke only from EIGRP’s perspective (multicast). Unicast communication is fully meshed by NHRP.
R11 does not advertise EIGRP routes received from R21 to R31 by split horizon. Similarly, EIGRP routes received from R31 are not advertised to R21. Communication with 172.17.0.0/16 under R11 is possible. However, communication with 172.18.0.0/16 under R21 and 172.19.0.0/16 under R31 is not possible.
R31 Communication Verification
R31#ping vrf IVRF 172.17.12.12 source 172.19.31.31 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.17.12.12, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 172.19.31.31 !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 2/5/7 ms R31#ping vrf IVRF 172.18.22.22 source 172.19.31.31 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.18.22.22, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 172.19.31.31 ..... Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
If the ip nhrp map multicast command is added to allow multicast packets to be forwarded between R21/R31 in the NHC, then R21-R31 can also become an EIGRP neighbor and be fully meshed. However, if there are many NHCs, it would be complicated to configure ip nhrp map multicast to forward multicast packets between all NHCs.
Step9: Hub & Spoke EIGRP Configuration
Enables route information to be advertised using EIGRP in a hub-and-spoke topology with R11 as the hub. Disable split horizon on R11 Tunnel0 and do not change next hop.
Hub & Spoke EIGRP Configuration
interface Tunnel0 no ip next-hop-self eigrp 1 no ip split-horizon eigrp 1
With this configuration, EIGRP routes advertised from R21 (IVRF) will reach R31 (IVRF), and EIGRP routes advertised from R31 (IVRF) will reach R21 (IVRF) as well.
Step10: Hub & Spoke EIGRP Verification
Since EIGRP is configured as hub-and-spoke on R11, the routing table on R31 looks like this
R31 Routing Table
R31#show ip route vrf IVRF Routing Table: IVRF -- omitted -- Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 172.16.0.0/24 is directly connected, Tunnel0 L 172.16.0.31/32 is directly connected, Tunnel0 172.17.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets D 172.17.0.0 [90/26905600] via 172.16.0.11, 00:07:45, Tunnel0 D 172.17.12.0 [90/27033600] via 172.16.0.11, 00:07:45, Tunnel0 172.18.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets D 172.18.0.0 [90/28185600] via 172.16.0.21, 00:07:45, Tunnel0 D 172.18.22.0 [90/28313600] via 172.16.0.21, 00:07:45, Tunnel0 172.19.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 172.19.31.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback31 L 172.19.31.31/32 is directly connected, Loopback31
All configurations for adding a new site (R31) to DMVPN are now complete and correct.
Communication between R31 and R21 is also possible.
R31 Communication Verification
R31#ping vrf IVRF 172.17.12.12 source 172.19.31.31 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.17.12.12, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 172.19.31.31 !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 2/5/6 ms R31#ping vrf IVRF 172.18.22.22 source 172.19.31.31 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.18.22.22, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 172.19.31.31 !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 5/7/10 ms
Configuration Summary
Here is a summary of the newly added R31 configurations.
R31 VRF-aware DMVPN
hostname R31 ! ip vrf FVRF rd 65001:100 ! ip vrf IVRF rd 65001:200 ! crypto keyring KEY vrf FVRF pre-shared-key address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 key cisco ! crypto isakmp policy 10 encr 3des hash md5 authentication pre-share group 2 ! crypto ipsec transform-set TS esp-3des esp-md5-hmac mode transport ! crypto ipsec profile IPSEC set transform-set TS ! interface Loopback0 ip vrf forwarding FVRF ip address 10.0.0.31 255.255.255.255 ! interface Loopback31 ip vrf forwarding IVRF ip address 172.19.31.31 255.255.255.0 ! interface Tunnel0 ip vrf forwarding IVRF ip address 172.16.0.31 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects ip nhrp map multicast 10.0.0.11 ip nhrp map 172.16.0.11 10.0.0.11 ip nhrp network-id 1000 ip nhrp nhs 172.16.0.11 tunnel source Loopback0 tunnel mode gre multipoint tunnel vrf FVRF tunnel protection ipsec profile IPSEC ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip vrf forwarding FVRF ip address 10.0.31.31 255.255.255.0 ! router eigrp 1 ! address-family ipv4 vrf IVRF autonomous-system 1 network 172.16.0.0 network 172.19.0.0 exit-address-family eigrp router-id 31.31.31.31 ! router ospf 1 vrf FVRF router-id 31.31.31.31 network 10.0.0.31 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 10.0.31.31 0.0.0.0 area 0
And then there is the change in the EIGRP configuration on R11.
R11 Hub & Spoke EIGRP
interface Tunnel0 no ip next-hop-self eigrp 1 no ip split-horizon eigrp 1
Advanced IP Routing
- Overview of Cisco Route-map
- Cisco Route-map Configuration
- GRE Tunnel Interface – Virtual Point-to-Point Connection
- GRE Tunnel Interface Configuration Example
- Overview of VRF/VRF-Lite – Virtually separating the router –
- Cisco VRF Configuration and Verification Commands
- Cisco Layer 3 VPN with VRF-Lite Configuration Example
- What Is FVRF(Front door VRF)?
- Point-to-point GRE Tunnel without FVRF
- Point-to-point GRE tunnel with FVRF (tunnel vrf command)
- IPSec VTI with FVRF
- IPSec VTI with FVRF Configuration Example
- DMVPN with FVRF
- DMVPN with FVRF Configuration Example Part1
- DMVPN with FVRF Configuration Example Part2