目次
概要
Ciscoルータ(Cisco IOS)でDHCPリレーエージェントを有効にします。これにより、1台のDHCPサーバで複数ネットワークのDHCPクライアントをサポートできるようにします。
ネットワーク構成
設定条件
- DHCP-Serverに必要なDHCPプールを作成します。DNSサーバとドメイン名は共通です。DNSサーバ「8.8.8.8」 ドメイン名「n-study.com」
- CL1/CL2/CL3のIPアドレスをDHCPで自動設定します。
- R1でDHCPクライアントからのDHCPメッセージをDHCP-Serverへ転送できるようにします。
初期設定
R1/DHCP-Serverの初期設定の抜粋です。CL1/CL2/CL3はホスト名のみ設定しています。
R1 設定抜粋(Click)
hostname R1 ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip helper-address 192.168.4.100 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/3 ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
DHCP-Server 設定抜粋(Click)
hostname DHCP-Server ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 192.168.4.100 255.255.255.0 ! ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.4.1
設定と確認
Step1:DHCPサーバの設定
DHCP-Serverで192.168.1.0/24、192.168.2.0/24、192.168.3.0/24上のDHCPクライアントにIPアドレスを配布できるように以下のDHCPプールを作成します。
プール名 | ネットワークアドレス | デフォルトゲートウェイ |
---|---|---|
192.168.1.0 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.1 |
192.168.2.0 | 192.168.2.0/24 | 192.168.2.1 |
192.168.3.0 | 192.168.3.0/24 | 192.168.3.1 |
また、DNSサーバのIPアドレスとドメイン名を配布するためのDHCPプールを作成します。
プール名 | ネットワークアドレス | DNSサーバ | ドメイン名 |
---|---|---|---|
DNS_DOMAIN | 192.168.0.0/16 | 8.8.8.8 | n-study.com |
DHCP-Server DHCPプールの設定
ip dhcp pool 192.168.1.0 network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.1.1 ! ip dhcp pool 192.168.2.0 network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.2.1 ! ip dhcp pool 192.168.3.0 network 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.3.1 ! ip dhcp pool DNS_DOMAIN network 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 domain-name n-study.com dns-server 8.8.8.8
関連記事
Step2:DHCPクライアントの設定
CL1/CL2/CL3のEthernet0/0のIPアドレスをDHCPで自動設定するようにします。
CL1/CL2/CL3 DHCPクライアント
interface Ethernet0/0 ip address dhcp
CL1/CL2/CL3とDHCP-Serverは同一ネットワークではありません。そのため、DHCP-ServerはCL1/CL2/CL3にTCP/IP設定情報を配布できません。
関連記事
Step3:R1 DHCPリレーエージェントの設定
R1をDHCPリレーエージェントとして設定して、CL1/CL2/CL3からブロードキャストのDHCPメッセージをDHCP-Serverへ転送できるようにします。CL1/CL2/CL3が接続されているインタフェースでip helper-addressコマンドで転送先のDHCP-ServerのIPアドレスを指定します。
R1 DHCPリレーエージェントの設定
interface Ethernet0/0 ip helper-address 192.168.4.100 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ip helper-address 192.168.4.100 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ip helper-address 192.168.4.100
関連記事
Step4:DHCPの確認
CL1/CL2/CL3のIPアドレスを確認します。
DHCPの確認 クライアント
CL1#show ip interface brief | include DHCP Ethernet0/0 192.168.1.3 YES DHCP up up
CL2#show ip interface brief | include DHCP Ethernet0/0 192.168.2.2 YES DHCP up up
CL3#show ip interface brief | include DHCP Ethernet0/0 192.168.3.2 YES DHCP up up
CL1/CL2/CL3はDHCPでIPアドレスを取得していることがわかります。
また、DHCP-Serverでクライアントに割り当てているIPアドレスを確認します。
DHCPの確認 サーバ
DHCP-Server#show ip dhcp binding Bindings from all pools not associated with VRF: IP address Client-ID/ Lease expiration Type Hardware address/ User name 192.168.1.2 0063.6973.636f.2d61. Nov 05 2022 04:49 AM Automatic 6162.622e.6363.3030. 2e30.3230.302d.4574. 302f.30 192.168.2.2 0063.6973.636f.2d61. Nov 05 2022 04:19 AM Automatic 6162.622e.6363.3030. 2e30.3330.302d.4574. 302f.30 192.168.3.2 0063.6973.636f.2d61. Nov 05 2022 04:19 AM Automatic 6162.622e.6363.3030. 2e30.3430.302d.4574. 302f.30
パケットキャプチャ
DHCP DISCOVER(CL1→R1)
DHCP DISCOVER(CL1→R1) Packet Capture Text(Click)
Frame 15: 334 bytes on wire (2672 bits), 334 bytes captured (2672 bits) on interface -, id 0 Ethernet II, Src: aa:bb:cc:00:02:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:02:00), Dst: Broadcast (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 0.0.0.0, Dst: 255.255.255.255 User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: 68, Dst Port: 67 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Discover) Message type: Boot Request (1) Hardware type: Ethernet (0x01) Hardware address length: 6 Hops: 0 Transaction ID: 0x00000b32 Seconds elapsed: 0 Bootp flags: 0x8000, Broadcast flag (Broadcast) Client IP address: 0.0.0.0 Your (client) IP address: 0.0.0.0 Next server IP address: 0.0.0.0 Relay agent IP address: 0.0.0.0 Client MAC address: aa:bb:cc:00:02:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:02:00) Client hardware address padding: 00000000000000000000 Server host name not given Boot file name not given Magic cookie: DHCP Option: (53) DHCP Message Type (Discover) Option: (57) Maximum DHCP Message Size Option: (61) Client identifier Option: (12) Host Name Option: (55) Parameter Request List Option: (255) End
DHCP DISCOVER(R1→DHCP-Server)
DHCP DISCOVER(R1→DHCP-Server) Packet Capture Text(Click)
Frame 17: 334 bytes on wire (2672 bits), 334 bytes captured (2672 bits) on interface -, id 0 Ethernet II, Src: aa:bb:cc:00:01:30 (aa:bb:cc:00:01:30), Dst: aa:bb:cc:00:05:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:05:00) Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.1.1, Dst: 192.168.4.100 User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: 67, Dst Port: 67 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Discover) Message type: Boot Request (1) Hardware type: Ethernet (0x01) Hardware address length: 6 Hops: 1 Transaction ID: 0x00000b32 Seconds elapsed: 0 Bootp flags: 0x8000, Broadcast flag (Broadcast) Client IP address: 0.0.0.0 Your (client) IP address: 0.0.0.0 Next server IP address: 0.0.0.0 Relay agent IP address: 192.168.1.1 Client MAC address: aa:bb:cc:00:02:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:02:00) Client hardware address padding: 00000000000000000000 Server host name not given Boot file name not given Magic cookie: DHCP Option: (53) DHCP Message Type (Discover) Option: (57) Maximum DHCP Message Size Option: (61) Client identifier Option: (12) Host Name Option: (55) Parameter Request List Option: (255) End
DHCP OFFER(DHCP-Server→R1)
DHCP OFFER(DHCP-Server→R1) Packet Capture Text(Click)
Frame 20: 342 bytes on wire (2736 bits), 342 bytes captured (2736 bits) on interface -, id 0 Ethernet II, Src: aa:bb:cc:00:05:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:05:00), Dst: aa:bb:cc:00:01:30 (aa:bb:cc:00:01:30) Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.4.100, Dst: 192.168.1.1 User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: 67, Dst Port: 67 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Offer) Message type: Boot Reply (2) Hardware type: Ethernet (0x01) Hardware address length: 6 Hops: 0 Transaction ID: 0x00000b32 Seconds elapsed: 0 Bootp flags: 0x8000, Broadcast flag (Broadcast) Client IP address: 0.0.0.0 Your (client) IP address: 192.168.1.3 Next server IP address: 0.0.0.0 Relay agent IP address: 192.168.1.1 Client MAC address: aa:bb:cc:00:02:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:02:00) Client hardware address padding: 00000000000000000000 Server host name not given Boot file name not given Magic cookie: DHCP Option: (53) DHCP Message Type (Offer) Option: (54) DHCP Server Identifier (192.168.4.100) Option: (51) IP Address Lease Time Option: (58) Renewal Time Value Option: (59) Rebinding Time Value Option: (1) Subnet Mask (255.255.255.0) Option: (3) Router Option: (15) Domain Name Option: (6) Domain Name Server Option: (255) End Padding: 00
DHCP OFFER(R1→CL1)
DHCP OFFER(R1→CL1) Packet Capture Text(Click)
Frame 17: 342 bytes on wire (2736 bits), 342 bytes captured (2736 bits) on interface -, id 0 Ethernet II, Src: aa:bb:cc:00:01:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:01:00), Dst: Broadcast (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.1.1, Dst: 255.255.255.255 User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: 67, Dst Port: 68 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Offer) Message type: Boot Reply (2) Hardware type: Ethernet (0x01) Hardware address length: 6 Hops: 0 Transaction ID: 0x00000b32 Seconds elapsed: 0 Bootp flags: 0x8000, Broadcast flag (Broadcast) Client IP address: 0.0.0.0 Your (client) IP address: 192.168.1.3 Next server IP address: 0.0.0.0 Relay agent IP address: 192.168.1.1 Client MAC address: aa:bb:cc:00:02:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:02:00) Client hardware address padding: 00000000000000000000 Server host name not given Boot file name not given Magic cookie: DHCP Option: (53) DHCP Message Type (Offer) Option: (54) DHCP Server Identifier (192.168.4.100) Option: (51) IP Address Lease Time Option: (58) Renewal Time Value Option: (59) Rebinding Time Value Option: (1) Subnet Mask (255.255.255.0) Option: (3) Router Option: (15) Domain Name Option: (6) Domain Name Server Option: (255) End Padding: 00
DHCP REQUEST(CL1→R1)
DHCP REQUEST(CL1→R1) Packet Capture Text(Click)
Frame 18: 346 bytes on wire (2768 bits), 346 bytes captured (2768 bits) on interface -, id 0 Ethernet II, Src: aa:bb:cc:00:02:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:02:00), Dst: Broadcast (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 0.0.0.0, Dst: 255.255.255.255 User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: 68, Dst Port: 67 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Request) Message type: Boot Request (1) Hardware type: Ethernet (0x01) Hardware address length: 6 Hops: 0 Transaction ID: 0x00000b32 Seconds elapsed: 0 Bootp flags: 0x8000, Broadcast flag (Broadcast) Client IP address: 0.0.0.0 Your (client) IP address: 0.0.0.0 Next server IP address: 0.0.0.0 Relay agent IP address: 0.0.0.0 Client MAC address: aa:bb:cc:00:02:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:02:00) Client hardware address padding: 00000000000000000000 Server host name not given Boot file name not given Magic cookie: DHCP Option: (53) DHCP Message Type (Request) Option: (57) Maximum DHCP Message Size Option: (61) Client identifier Option: (54) DHCP Server Identifier (192.168.4.100) Option: (50) Requested IP Address (192.168.1.3) Option: (12) Host Name Option: (55) Parameter Request List Option: (255) End
DHCP REQUEST(R1→DHCP-Server)
DHCP REQUEST(R1→DHCP-Server) Packet Capture Text(Click)
Frame 21: 346 bytes on wire (2768 bits), 346 bytes captured (2768 bits) on interface -, id 0 Ethernet II, Src: aa:bb:cc:00:01:30 (aa:bb:cc:00:01:30), Dst: aa:bb:cc:00:05:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:05:00) Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.1.1, Dst: 192.168.4.100 User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: 67, Dst Port: 67 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Request) Message type: Boot Request (1) Hardware type: Ethernet (0x01) Hardware address length: 6 Hops: 1 Transaction ID: 0x00000b32 Seconds elapsed: 0 Bootp flags: 0x8000, Broadcast flag (Broadcast) Client IP address: 0.0.0.0 Your (client) IP address: 0.0.0.0 Next server IP address: 0.0.0.0 Relay agent IP address: 192.168.1.1 Client MAC address: aa:bb:cc:00:02:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:02:00) Client hardware address padding: 00000000000000000000 Server host name not given Boot file name not given Magic cookie: DHCP Option: (53) DHCP Message Type (Request) Option: (57) Maximum DHCP Message Size Option: (61) Client identifier Option: (54) DHCP Server Identifier (192.168.4.100) Option: (50) Requested IP Address (192.168.1.3) Option: (12) Host Name Option: (55) Parameter Request List Option: (255) End
DHCP ACK(DHCP-Server→R1)
DHCP ACK(DHCP-Server→R1) Packet Capture Text(Click)
Frame 22: 342 bytes on wire (2736 bits), 342 bytes captured (2736 bits) on interface -, id 0 Ethernet II, Src: aa:bb:cc:00:05:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:05:00), Dst: aa:bb:cc:00:01:30 (aa:bb:cc:00:01:30) Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.4.100, Dst: 192.168.1.1 User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: 67, Dst Port: 67 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (ACK) Message type: Boot Reply (2) Hardware type: Ethernet (0x01) Hardware address length: 6 Hops: 0 Transaction ID: 0x00000b32 Seconds elapsed: 0 Bootp flags: 0x8000, Broadcast flag (Broadcast) Client IP address: 0.0.0.0 Your (client) IP address: 192.168.1.3 Next server IP address: 0.0.0.0 Relay agent IP address: 192.168.1.1 Client MAC address: aa:bb:cc:00:02:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:02:00) Client hardware address padding: 00000000000000000000 Server host name not given Boot file name not given Magic cookie: DHCP Option: (53) DHCP Message Type (ACK) Option: (54) DHCP Server Identifier (192.168.4.100) Option: (51) IP Address Lease Time Option: (58) Renewal Time Value Option: (59) Rebinding Time Value Option: (1) Subnet Mask (255.255.255.0) Option: (3) Router Option: (15) Domain Name Option: (6) Domain Name Server Option: (255) End Padding: 00
DHCP ACK(R1→CL1)
DHCP ACK(R1→CL1) Packet Capture Text(Click)
Frame 19: 342 bytes on wire (2736 bits), 342 bytes captured (2736 bits) on interface -, id 0 Ethernet II, Src: aa:bb:cc:00:01:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:01:00), Dst: Broadcast (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.1.1, Dst: 255.255.255.255 User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: 67, Dst Port: 68 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (ACK) Message type: Boot Reply (2) Hardware type: Ethernet (0x01) Hardware address length: 6 Hops: 0 Transaction ID: 0x00000b32 Seconds elapsed: 0 Bootp flags: 0x8000, Broadcast flag (Broadcast) Client IP address: 0.0.0.0 Your (client) IP address: 192.168.1.3 Next server IP address: 0.0.0.0 Relay agent IP address: 192.168.1.1 Client MAC address: aa:bb:cc:00:02:00 (aa:bb:cc:00:02:00) Client hardware address padding: 00000000000000000000 Server host name not given Boot file name not given Magic cookie: DHCP Option: (53) DHCP Message Type (ACK) Option: (54) DHCP Server Identifier (192.168.4.100) Option: (51) IP Address Lease Time Option: (58) Renewal Time Value Option: (59) Rebinding Time Value Option: (1) Subnet Mask (255.255.255.0) Option: (3) Router Option: (15) Domain Name Option: (6) Domain Name Server Option: (255) End Padding: 00
TCP/IP
- TCP/IPの階層
- IP(Internet Protocol) ~データを送り届ける~
- ICMP ~きちんとIPで転送できますか?~
- Ping ~きちんとデータは届きますか?~
- Windows OSのPingコマンド
- トレースルート ~データはどのルータを通っていますか?~
- tracertコマンド(Windows OS)
- ICMPリダイレクト
- トラブルはどこ? ~Pingとトレースルート~
- ARP ~IPアドレスとMACアドレスを対応付け~
- ARPフォーマット
- Gratuitous ARP(GARP)
- ポート番号 ~どのアプリケーションのデータなの?
- TCPの概要
- TCPの動作
- UDPの概要
- アプリケーションのデータが届くまでのまとめ
- DNS ~宛先IPアドレスを求める~
- nslookupコマンド ~DNSの名前解決の確認~
- DHCP ~IPアドレスを自動割り当て~
- Cisco IOS DHCPサーバの設定と確認コマンド
- Ciscoルータ DHCPサーバの設定例
- DHCPリレーエージェント
- DHCPリレーエージェントの設定例[Cisco]
- DHCPサーバ配置のまとめ
- TCP/IPの設定のまとめ
- ipconfigコマンド ~Windows OSのTCP/IP設定を確認~
- Linux(Ubuntu)でのTCP/IP設定の確認コマンド
- Webサイト
- HTMLとCSS ~Webページを作る~
- URL ~Webサイト(Webページ)のアドレス~
- HTTP ~HTMLファイルを転送する~
- Webアプリケーション ~Webブラウザだけあればいい~
- HTTP Cookie
- Webアプリケーションのセッション管理
- Webプロキシサーバ ~Webアクセスを代わりに~
- Webアクセスのまとめ
- 電子メール
- SMTP ~電子メール送信用プロトコル~
- POP3 ~メール受信用プロトコル~
- IMAP4 ~メールサーバ上でメールを管理~
- 電子メールのまとめ
- FTP ~代表的なファイル転送プロトコル~
- TFTP ~簡易的なファイル転送プロトコル~
- Windows10/11のTFTPクライアント
- ネットワークのトラブルの切り分け手順